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Effect of denitrifying bacteria on the electrochemical reaction of activated carbon fiber in electrochemical biofilm system

YING Diwen, JIA Jinping, ZHANG Lehua

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 305-310 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0051-z

摘要： An electrochemical-activated denitrifying biofilm system consisting of activated carbon fiber electrodes immobilized with denitrifying bacteria film as cathode was studied. A revised model for an electrochemical-activated denitrifying biofilm was developed and validated by electrochemical analysis of cathodal polarization curves and nitrate consumption rate. The cathodal polarization curve and nitrate consumption rate were introduced to verify the rate of electrochemical reaction and the activity of denitrifying bacteria, respectively. It was shown that the denitrification process effectively strengthened the electrochemical reaction while the electron also intensified denitrification activity. Electron was transferred between electrochemical process and biological process not only by hydrogen molecule but also by new produced active hydrogen atom. Additionally, a parameter of apparent exchange current density was deprived from the cathodal polarization curve with high overpotential, and a new bio-effect current density was defined through statistical analysis, which was linearly dependent to the activity of denitrification bacteria. Activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrode was also found to be more suitable to the electrochemical denitrifying system compared with graphite and platinum.

关键词： ACF apparent exchange hydrogen molecule activated biological process

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Heat, mass, and work exchange networks

Zhiyou CHEN, Jingtao WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 484-502 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1221-5

摘要： Heat (energy), water (mass), and work (pressure) are the most fundamental utilities for operation units in chemical plants. To reduce energy consumption and diminish environment hazards, various integration methods have been developed. The application of heat exchange networks (HENs), mass exchange networks (MENs), water allocation heat exchange networks (WAHENs) and work exchange networks (WENs) have resulted in the significant saving of energy and water. This review presents the main works related to each network. The similarities and differences of these networks are also discussed. Through comparing and discussing these different networks, this review inspires researchers to propose more efficient and convenient methods for the design of existing exchange networks and even new types of networks including multi-objective networks for the system integration in order to enhance the optimization and controllability of processes.

关键词： process system engineering integration methods heat exchange network mass exchange network work exchange network

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TiO supported IrO for anode reversal tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cell

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期页码 852-861 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0811-7

摘要： Fuel starvation can occur and cause damage to the cell when proton exchange membrane fuel cells operate under complex working conditions. In this case, carbon corrosion occurs. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts can alleviate carbon corrosion by introducing water electrolysis at a lower potential at the anode in fuel shortage. The mixture of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and unsupported OER catalyst not only reduces the electrolysis efficiency, but also influences the initial performance of the fuel cell. Herein, Ti₄O₇ supported IrO_x is synthesized by utilizing the surfactant-assistant method and serves as reversal tolerant components in the anode. When the cell reverse time is less than 100 min, the cell voltage of the MEA added with IrO_x/Ti₄O₇ has almost no attenuation. Besides, the MEA has a longer reversal time (530 min) than IrO_x (75 min), showing an excellent reversal tolerance. The results of electron microscopy spectroscopy show that IrO_x particles have a good dispersity on the surface of Ti₄O₇ and IrO_x/Ti₄O₇ particles are uniformly dispersed on the anode catalytic layer. After the stability test, the Ti₄O₇ support has little decay, demonstrating a high electrochemical stability. IrO_x/Ti₄O₇ with a high dispersity has a great potential to the application on the reversal tolerance anode of the fuel cell.

关键词： proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) fuel starvation cell reverse reversal tolerance anode oxygen evolution reaction

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Control strategies for disinfection byproducts by ion exchange resin, nanofiltration and their sequential

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1725-x

摘要：

● Effects of AER adsorption and NF on DBP precursors, DBPs, and TOX were examined.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Control Anion exchange resin Nanofiltration Cytotoxicity

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Advancing ion-exchange membranes to ion-selective membranes: principles, status, and opportunities

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1625-0

摘要：

● IEM ion/ion selectivities of charge, valence, & specific ion are critically assessed.

关键词： Ion-exchange membranes Selectivity Separations

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Electro-assisted regeneration of ion exchange resins

LIU Zhigang, WANG Ying, LI Yansheng, CHANG Hui

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第4期页码 410-414 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0069-x

摘要： Electro-assisted regeneration (EAR) for the mixed bed of strongly acidic cation and weakly basic anion exchange resins with the Al(OH) suspension in a three-compartment cell was investigated. The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristic of the regenerated mixed resins. Experimental results showed that the efficiency of resin regeneration was strictly dependent on the voltage, regeneration time, and feed regenerant flow rate. The amount of the effluent reached 50 times the volume of the resins bed, and the conductivity was less than 1.0 ?s/cm. Compared to the conventional ER, the total effluent volume of EAR was about 1000 mL more than that of ER under the same conditions, and the outlet conductivity was significantly lower. The desalination and regeneration reaction mechanisms of the mixed resins indicated the regeneration efficiency of resin with Al(OH) as the regenerant was much higher than that with HO.

关键词： effluent volume acidic three-compartment weakly exchange

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宏观裂缝混凝土中表观气体渗透率的测定 Article

Pierre Rossi

《工程（英文）》 2022年第17卷第10期页码 93-98 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.11.008

摘要：

本文报道了一项旨在测定开裂混凝土表观气体渗透率的实验研究分析。由于难以对气体渗透率进行可靠的实验测试，国际文献中缺乏对这一问题的研究。本研究的主要目的是提供新颖可靠的实验结果，并提出表观裂缝渗透率演化与表观裂缝张开度之间的解析函数。考虑Poiseuille 定律，这些函数似乎是相关的。

关键词：混凝土宏观裂缝气体传输渗透率

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Salinity exchange between seawater/brackish water and domestic wastewater through electrodialysis for

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1616-1

摘要：

● Present a general concept called “salinity exchange”.

关键词： Desalination Potable water reuse Ion-exchange membrane Salinity gradient energy Wastewater discharge

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微分和表观静摩擦系数的表式

王渭源

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第8期页码 29-32

摘要：

当前，工程师和科学家都对微牛和纳牛量级载荷静摩擦系数（以下简称微牛纳牛静摩擦系数）很感兴趣。但文献中至今没有详细讨论过微牛纳牛静摩擦系数与载荷的关系，而且发表的实验结果都不相互讨论。从微分静摩擦系数的定义出发，导出几种典型模型下微分静摩擦系数和表观静摩擦系数的表式，并据此广泛讨论这些文献中的实验结果。

关键词：微分静摩擦系数微牛纳牛静摩擦系数表观静摩擦系数宏观静摩擦系数

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A district heating system based on absorption heat exchange with CHP systems

Lin FU, Yan LI, Yi JIANG, Shigang ZHANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 77-83 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0022-0

摘要： In order to decrease the energy consumption of large-scale district heating systems with cogeneration, a district heating system is presented in this paper based on absorption heat exchange in the cogeneration system named Co-ah cycle, which means that the cogeneration system is based on absorption heat exchange. In substations of the heating system, the temperature of return water of primary heat network is reduced to about 25°C through the absorption heat-exchange units. In the thermal station of the cogeneration plant, return water is heated orderly by the exhaust steam in the condenser, the absorption heat pumps, and the peak load heater. Compared with traditional heating systems, this system runs with a greater circuit temperature drop so that the delivery capacity of the heat network increases dramatically. Moreover, by recovering the exhausted heat from the condensers, the capacity of the district heating system and the energy efficiency of the combined heat and power system (CHP system) are highly developed. Therefore, high energy and economic efficiency can be obtained.

关键词： cogeneration district heating absorption heat exchange Co-ah cycle

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Momentum exchange coefficient for two jet flows mixing in a tee junction

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第12期页码 2161-2161 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0143-3

摘要： RETRACTED ARTICLE: Momentum exchange coefficient for two jet flows mixing in a tee junction

关键词： tee junction Momentum exchange coefficient RETRACTED

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Engineering Management from the Perspective of Meta-synthesis Methodology—with the Bank Card Information Exchange

Hong-feng Chai,Quan Sun

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 404-413 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016037

摘要： The paper empirically studies the engineering practices of the national currency circulation information system-China Union Pay’s Bankcard Information Exchange System. By integrating the meta-synthesis methodology and the financial information system engineering, the paper proposes basic principles and processes of the giant and complex financial information system engineering management, and further explores its paradigm and toolkit.

关键词： financial information system meta-synthesis methodology bank card information exchange

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Kinetics of halogen-exchange fluorination of 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde

LIANG Zhengyong, LI Bindong, FENG Chao

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 59-62 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0008-1

摘要： Under the conditions of phase transfer catalysis and nitrobenzene as the solvent, the halogen-exchange fluorination of 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde using KF as fluorinating agent was studied. The kinetics was investigated and the reaction rate constants were obtained under the optimum conditions of (KF):(2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde):(PhPBr):n(acetone-furan crown ether) = 4:1:0.1:0.05 and temperatures of 433 K, 443 K, 453 K and 463 K. The results illustrated the activation energy of the first and the second step is 4.57 × 10 J·mol and 3.53 × 10 J·mol, respectively. The pre-exponential factor is 4.50 × 10 h and 1.08 × 10 h, respectively. Thus a reliable kinetics data could be obtained for further research.

关键词： reaction solvent transfer catalysis activation nitrobenzene

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Anion-exchange membrane direct ethanol fuel cells: Status and perspective

T.S. Zhao, Y.S. Li, S.Y. Shen

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 443-458 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0127-5

摘要： Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are a promising carbon-neutral and sustainable power source for portable, mobile, and stationary applications. However, conventional DEFCs that use acid proton-exchange membranes (typically Nafion type) and platinum-based catalysts exhibit low performance (i.e., the state-of-the-art peak power density is 79.5 mW/cm at 90°C). Anion-exchange membrane (AEM) DEFCs that use low-cost AEM and non-platinum catalysts have recently been demonstrated to yield a much better performance (i.e., the state-of-the-art peak power density is 160 mW/cm at 80°C). This paper provides a comprehensive review of past research on the development of AEM DEFCs, including the aspects of catalysts, AEMs, and single-cell design and performance. Current and future research challenges are identified along with potential strategies to overcome them.

关键词： fuel cell direct ethanol fuel cells anion-exchange membrane ethanol oxidation reaction oxygen reduction reaction cell performance

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Condensation of phenol and acetone on a modified macroreticular ion exchange resin catalyst

Baohe WANG, Lili WANG, Jing ZHU, Shuang CHEN, Hao SUN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 218-225 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1330-9

摘要： Macroreticular ion exchange resin catalysts were prepared by suspension polymerization, and then modified by alkylmercaptoamines. The modified catalysts were characterized by N adsorption/desorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Key factors such as the mercaptan content, the degree of crosslinking and the structures of the promoters were investigated for the synthesis of Bisphenol A (BPA). At optimal conditions, the macroreticular ion exchange resin catalysts modified by alkylmercaptoamines showed high catalytic activity and selectivity for BPA synthesis.

关键词： macroreticular ion exchange resin catalysts suspension polymerization Bisphenol A